The formants of the 9 Korean standard vowels (which used by the average people of Seoul, central-area of the Korean peninsula) were measured by analysis with the linear predictive coding(LPC) AND FAST Fourier transform(FFT).
The author already had reported the constriction area for the Korean standard vowels, and with the existing data, the distance from glottis to the constriction area in the vocal tract of each vowel was newly measured with videovelopharyngograms
and
lateral Rontgenograms of the vocal tract.
We correlated the formant frequencies with the distance from glottis to the constriction area of the vocal tract.
Also we tried to correlate the formant frequencies with the position of tongue in the vocal tract, which is divided into 2 categories : The position of tongue in oral cavity by the distance from imaginary palatal line to the highest point of
tongue
and
the position in pharyngeal cavity by the distance from back of tongue to posterior pharyngeal wall.
This study was performed with 10 adults(male : 5, female : 5) who spoke primary 9 Korean standard vowels.
We had already reported that the Korean vowel [I],[e],[ε] were articulated at hard palate level, [+],[u] were at soft palate level, [A] was at upper pharynx level and the [A],[e],[a] in a previous article.
Also we had noted that he significance of pharyngeal cavity in vowel articulation.
@ES From this study we have conclude that;
@EN 1) The F1 is related with the oral cavity articulated vowel [I, e, ε, +, u].
2) Within to oral cavity articulated vowel[I, e, ε, +, u] and the upper pharynx articulated vowel [o], the F2 is elevated when the diatance from glottis to the constriction area is longer.
But within the lower pharynx articulated vowel [e, A, a], the F2 is elevated when the diatance from glottis to the constriction area is shorter.
3) With the stronger tendency of back-vowel, the higher the elevation of the F1 and F2 frequencies.
4) The F3 and F4 showed no correaltion with the constriction area not the position of tongue in the vocal tract.
5) The parameter F2-F1, which is the difference between F2 freqency and F1 frequency showed an excellent indicator of differenciating the oral cavity articulated vowels from pharyngeal cavity articulated vowels.
In the F2-F1 less than about 600Hz, which indicates the vowel is articulated in the pharyngeal cavity, and more than about 600Hz, which indicates that the vowel is articulated in the oral cavity.
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